I really like to thank to Mr T Prasad (Dr Mandi) for letting me understand the Principles of Management in very interactive, unique and exciting way. Here is the short video to tell you all about what Dr Mandi and its unique and informative way of teaching and about the knowledge and experience that I had.
The theory X and theory Y are theories of human motivation created and designed by Douglas McGregor at the MIT Sloan School of Management. They have been used in human resource management, organization behaviour, organizational communication and organization development. Theory X and Theory Y have to do with the perceptions managers hold on their employees, not the way they generally behave. It is attitude not attributes. Both of these theories begin with the premise that management's role is to assemble the factors of production, including people, for the economic benefit of the firm.
Theory X:
According to this theory, employees will show little ambition without an enticing incentive program and will avoid responsibility whenever they can.The Theory X manager tends to believe that everything must end in blaming someone. He or she thinks all prospective employees are only out for themselves.A Theory X manager believes that his or her employees do not really want to work, that they would rather avoid responsibility and that it is the manager's job to structure the work and energize the employee.
Theory Y:
In this
theory, management assumes employees may be ambitious and self-motivated and
exercise self-control. It is believed that employees enjoy their
mental and physical work duties.Given the proper conditions, theory Y managers
believe that employees will learn to seek out and accept responsibility and to
exercise self-control and self-direction in accomplishing objectives to which
they are committed.
A Theory Y
manager believes that, given the right conditions, most people will want to do
well at work. They believe that the satisfaction of doing a good job is a
strong motivation.
Theory X and
Theory Y in brief:
Conclusion:
We cannot say that theory X is
better or Theory Y is better. It depends on the organization to organization.
For some organization Theory X suits better and for some theory Y suits
better. For McGregor, Theory X and Y are
not different ends of the same continuum. Rather they are two different
continua in themselves.
Intel Corporation is an American multinationalsemiconductor chip maker corporation headquartered in Santa Clara, California, United
States. Intel is the world’s largest and highest valued
semiconductor chip maker, based on revenue. Intel Corporation
was founded on July 18, 1968. Intel also makes motherboardchipsets, network, controllers, integrated
circuits, flash memory, graphic chips and embedded processors and other. Founded by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gorder Moore and widely associated with the executive
leadership and vision of Andrew Growe.
History
Intel was founded in Mountain View, California in 1968 by Gordon E Moore, Rober Noyce, Arthur Rock, Moore and Noyce came from Fairchil Semiconductor and
were Intel's first two employees. Rock was not an employee, but he was an
investor and Chariman of the Board. The total
initial investment in Intel was $2.5 million convertible debentures and $10,000
from Rock. Just 2 years later, Intel completed their Initial Public Offering (IPO),
raising $6.8 million. Intel's third employee was Andy Grove who later ran the company through much of the 1980s
and the high-growth 1990s.
Moore and Noyce initially wanted to name the company
"Moore Noyce".The name, however, was a partial homophone for "more noise" – an ill-suited
name for an electronics company, since noise in the electronics is usually very undesirable
and typically associated with bad interference. Instead
they used the name NM Electronics for almost a year, before deciding
to call their company Integrated Electronics or "Intel" for
short. Since "Intel" was already trademarked by the hotel chain
Intelco, they had to buy the rights for the name.
Vision
This decade we will
create and extend computing technology to connect and enrich the lives of every
person on earth.
Mission
Delight our customers,
employees, and shareholders by relentlessly delivering the platform and
technology advancements that become essential to the way we work and live.
Awards
Intel and its employees
have been recognized for a number of corporate initiatives and charitable
endeavors. In the past year, it had received over 80 recognitions for their innovation,
CSR activity and contribution to the world. And while winning awards is
certainly not the motivation behind these efforts, the recognition is always
appreciated. The following is a listing of some of the recent awards Intel has
received.
a. Dow Jones
Sustainability
In September 2010, Intel was included in the Dow Jones
SustainabilityWorld and North American indexes
for the eleventh consecutive year.
The Dow
Jones Sustainability Indexes (DJSI) launched in 1999, are a family of
indexes evaluating the sustainability performance
of the largest 2,500 companies listed on the Dow Jones. They are the
longest-running global sustainability benchmarks worldwide and have become the
key reference point in sustainability investing for investors and companies.
b. Newsweek’s 2010 Green
Rankings
Intel was ranked
number 5 in Newsweek’s 2010 Green Rankingsof the largest 500
companies in the U.S., published in October 2010.
c.100 Most Sustainable
Corporations
Intel was named for the sixth year in a row to the list of the
"100 Most Sustainable Corporationsin the World" in this annual ranking published by Corporate
Knights in January 2010.
d. Fortunemagazine’s "100 Best Places to Work
In January 2010, Intel was named toFortunemagazine’s "100 Best Places to WorkFor" list.
In March 2010 Intel was again included on CR magaazine list of 100 Best corporate Citizens and was rankes second overall Intel is one of only three companis to have been on the list since its inception eleven years ago
Products
a.Motherboards
Intel is pioneer in the hardware industry. It has leading market in the
motherboards market. It has numerous number of motherboard present. Motheboards
list varies from Celeron, Pentium I, Pentium II, Pentium III. Newest series of
Intel includes I3, I5 and I7
a.Smartphone
Intel has entered into the smartphone market with the motto having its
impact in this industry too. It has the motto that the only thing more amazing
than our technology is that you will do with it. The first smartphone that it
has launched is Lava based on Androd Gingerbread. Its cost in market is aroung
Rs 22000.
b.Processor
There is no competitor of Intel when it comes down to Intel. Intel 4004
is its first single – chip microprocessor. Its most successful processor is
Pentium IV based on the NetBurst microarchitecture
Acquisition
1.Intel acquired McAfee in the year 2010. McAfee
is the manufacturer of computer security technology. The deal was of $7.68
billion and the companies. In 2011, the
European Union approved the acquisition, after Intel agreed to provide rival
security firms with all necessary information that would allow their products
to use Intel's chips and personal computers.[After the acquisition, Intel had about 90,000
employees, including about 12,000 software engineers.
2.In the year
2011, Intel acquired Infineon’s wireless
solutions business. Intel has started using Infineon’s technology in laptops,
smart phones, net books, tablets and embedded computers in consumer products
During the last
few years, Intel also acquired Fulcrum Microsystems, Telmap and ASML holding.
Expansion
Intel will build a new microprocessor factory at Chander, which is expected to
be completed in 2013, at a cost of $5 billion. It will accommodate 4,000
employees.
In april 2011, Intel began a pilot project with ZTE Corporatation to produce
smartphones using the Intel Atom processor for
China's domestic market.
In December 2011: Intel announced that it reorganized several of
its business units to form a new mobile and communications group. This
group will be responsible for the company's smartphone and tablet.
Revenue By Geography
The revenue of intel is
maximum in the Asia-Pacific followed by America, Europe and Japan. Due to the R
& D done by Intel and launch of many products, the profit of Intel is
rising continuously. In year 2010 it was close to 10 % which has rises to 14%
The main reason for this
is that Intel is adapting itself with the change in the market and innovating
itself continuously.
Corporate Social Responsibility
1. Intel is
innovating continuously for the benefit of the mankind. What all latest
technology that we are seeing today, the major credit of that goes to Intel as
well. Intel has totally revolutionized the technology completely. It has come
up with the super-fast processor and chips. Also latest entry of Intel is in
smart phone business. Intel is backing on its hardware producing capability to
have its impact in the mobile business
Advertising and brand management
Intel has become one of the world's most recognizable computer
brands following its long-running Intel Inside Campaign . It’s being heard in close to 130 countries. The
Intel swirl logo was the work of DahlinSmithWhite.
The Intel Inside advertising campaign sought public
brand loyalty and awareness of Intel processors in consumer
computers. Intel paid some of the advertiser's costs for an ad that used
the Intel Inside logo and jingle.
In 2008, Intel planned to shift the emphasis of its Intel Inside
campaign from traditional media such as television and print to newer.
Competition
In the 1980s, Intel was among the top ten sellers of semiconductor in the world. In 1991, Intel became the
biggest chip maker by revenue and has held the position ever since. Other top
semiconductor companies include TSMC, Advanced Mirco Devices, Samsung, Texas Instruments, Toshiba and STMicroelectronics.
Competitors in PC chip sets include AMD,
and Nvidia.
Intel's competitors in networking include Freescale, Infineon, Broadcom, Marevell Technology Group and AMCC, and competitors in flash memory include Sapnsion, Samsung, Toshiba, STMicroelectronics, and Hyniz.
The only major competitor the processor market is Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), with which Intel has had full cross-licensing
agreements since 1976: each partner can use the other's patented technological innovations
without charge after a certain time. However, the cross-licensing agreement is
canceled in the event of an AMD bankruptcy or takeover.
Intel’s competitors
a.AMD
The main competitor of Intel is AMD which
gives Intel neck to neck fight in the processor segment. Also there was several
lawsuit involving both Intel and AMD. AMD files the lawsuit against Intel in
2005 and results of which Intel Agree to pay AMD a hefty amount of $ 1.25
billion.
b.Nvidia
Nvidia is giving Intel tremendous competition
in the chipset segment. It has the excellent of nForce chipset which has been
awarded several times for their quality
c.Samsung
Samsung is the leading chipset maker currently for
mobile and pc. Intel has the fear from Samsung in both the categories one is
the chipset market and other is the Smartphone market in which Samsung is the
world leader. Since Intel has come into the Smartphone market, it has to stand
tall and has to come out with some unique feature.
Market Share
Intel still enjoys the biggest market share in both the overall
worldwide PC microprocessor market and the mobile PC microprocessor.
The “Three Monks” which is the Chinese Movie produced by
Shanghai Animation Film.After
the Cultural Revolution and the fall of the
political Gang of Four in 1976, the film was one of
the first animations created as part of the rebirth period. It is also referred
to as The Three Buddhist Priests. Movies explain the concept of the
Management very beautifully.
Overview:
One monk will shoulder two buckets of water; two monks will
share the load, but add a third and no one will want to fetch water. The film
does not contain any dialogues, allowing it to be watched by any culture, and a
different music instrument was used to signify each monk.
The Plot:
A young monk lives a simple life
in a temple on top of a hill. He has one daily task of hauling two buckets of
water up the hill. He tries to share the job with another monk, but the carry
pole is only long enough for one bucket. The arrival of a third monk prompts
everyone to expect that someone else will take on the chore. Consequently, no
one fetches water though everybody is thirsty. At night, a rat comes to
scrounge and then knocks the candleholder, leading to a devastating fire in the
temple. The three monks finally unite together and make a concerted effort to
put out the fire. Since then they understand the old saying "unity is
strength" and begin to live a harmonious life. The temple never lacks
water again.
Scene 1:
A monastery located on the top of
a hill and water can be availed from the lake below. To get water, the monk has
to get to the bottom of the hill. The monk's daily routine included fetching
water, chanting mantras and adding water to the water pot placed in front of
the Goddess of Mercy, thereby respecting it. His life was smooth and
comfortable.
Scene
2:
Once a tall monk came. He drank half of the jar’s
water as soon as he arrived at the temple, so the little monk asked him to fetch
water. The tall one thought it was unfair for him to fetch water alone, so he
asked the young one to do it together. They could only carry one bucket a time,
and they would only feel content when the bucket was placed in the middle of
the shoulder pole. Anyway, they still had water to drink in this way.
Scene 3:
The taller and the little monk were joined by
another fat monk, who was tired by the time he reached the monastery
situated at the top of the till. Naturally he craved for water and finished the
entire water available and was asked by the other two monks to refill the
container.
Scene
4:
Everyone chanted his own sutras and knocked his own
wooden fish. As nobody would add water to the holy water bottle, the plant in
the bottle withered soon. At night, a mouse came out stealing, but everyone
pretended not to see it. As a result, the mouse was so rampant that it knocked
over the candle-holder and caused a fire. Only thus did the three
monks make a concerted effort to put out the fire, and finally awaken. After
that, they started hanging together and the temple never lacked water
again.
The Management Lessons
learned from the story:
1.Team Work enhances the efficiency
Team work plays the key
role in the organization. It helps to do the task efficiently and effectively.
It helps in proper coordination among the employees. Also if the work is done
in the team, it can be divided as per the skills of the employees so that it
can be finished faster. It’s the responsibility of the Manager to coordinate
with all the team members.
2. Disputes arises in
the organization
In the organization it
is quite normal that disputes arise eventually. It’s the responsibility of the
each and every employee to make sure that they work as part of the team and
understand their respective roles and responsibility. Each employee should have
the spirit of employer first attitude instead of self-centric.
3.Scientific Measures to solve the problem
Organization should
follow the scientific methods to resolve any issues arise while doing the task.
In the Software Company the employee should use latest soft wares, tools and
equipment for better productivity and efficiency. Also they should follow the
Software development process while coding.
4.Synergistic roles
In the organization,
individual sum is bigger than what was there individually. In this story also
when the 3 monks were doing the task individually then their efficiency was
very less; they could only take less water. But at the time of the crisis
(fire), they started working together and they could enhance their efficiency a
lot. Similarly in the organization work done as the part of team is very effective.
5. Every problem has simple
solution
In the end the problem
faced by 3 monks of bringing water to the temple from the river by going
downhill was solved with a simple solution of building a pulley.
We can also relate it
to job specialization, the whole work was divided into parts and each
monk was doing his part.
Conclusion
·The
productivity increases with the increase in the number of persons
One
monk carrying water everyday will become boring after a while but two monks
carrying water will not be boring and productivity will not be hampered
Disputes
and conflicts are bound to arise but they need to be minimized so as to make
the most out of the available resources
Team
work and coordination is the important factor in the organization